Objective:

Review making the present tense form of verbs depending on gender, number, and person. (See July 12, 2008 – Present Tense masculine and June 13, 2008 – Present Tense feminine)

Review all the forms for:

• लिखना (likhanaa) – to write
• कहना (kahanaa) – to say

Lesson

In order to form the present tense, you must remember these combination of pronouns and helper verbs:

I [verb] = मैं [verb] हूँ। (main [verb] huun)

We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.)

You [verb] (very informal) = तू [verb] है (tuu [verb] hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You [verb] (informal) = तुम [verb] हो (tum [verb] ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You [verb] (formal) = आप [verb] हैं (aap [verb] hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He/She/It [verb]. वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai)

They [verb]. वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain).

You must also learn three rules:

1) If the subject is masculine and singular take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)”

2) If the subject is masculine and plural take the root of the verb and add “ते (te)”

3) If the subject is feminine take the root of the verb and add “ती (tii)”

Example using लिखना (likhanaa) – to write

Masculine forms

I write = मैं लिखता हूँ। (main likhata huun)

We write = हम लिखते हैं। (ham likhate hain.)

You write (very informal) = तू लिखता है (tuu likhata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You write (informal) = तुम लिखते हो (tum likhate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You write (formal) = आप लिखते हैं (aap likhate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He writes . वह लिखता है। (vah likhata hai)

They write. वे लिखते हैं। (ve likhate hain).

Feminine forms

I write. = मैं लिखती  हूँ। (main likhataii huun)

We write = हम लिखती  हैं। (ham likhataii hain.)

You write (very informal) = तू लिखती  है | (tuu likhataii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You write (informal) = तुम लिखती  हो  | (tum likhataii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You write (formal) = आप लिखती  हैं  | (aap likhataii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She writes . वह लिखती  है। (vah likhataii hai)

They write. वे लिखती हैं। (ve likhataii hain).

Here is another example using कहना (kahanaa) – to say

Masculine forms

I say = मैं कहता हूँ। (main kahata huun)

We say = हम कहते हैं। (ham kahate hain.)

You say (very informal) = तू कहता है (tuu kahata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You say (informal) = तुम कहते हो (tum kahate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You say (formal) = आप कहते हैं (aap kahate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He says . वह कहता है। (vah kahata hai)

They say. वे कहते हैं। (ve kahate hain).

Feminine forms

I say. = मैं कहती हूँ। (main kahatii huun)

We say = हम कहती हैं। (ham kahatii hain.)

You say (very informal) = तू कहती है | (tuu kahatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You say (informal) = तुम कहती हो  |(tum kahatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You say (formal) = आप कहती हैं |(aap kahatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She says. वह कहती है। (vah kahatii hai)

They say. वे कहती हैं। (ve kahatii hain).

Resources

Visit the page about the present tense: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_Present_Tense

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