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#255 - Are you hungry?

We would like to thank Inga for suggesting this program. If you have some suggestions you would like to make or particular words/phrases you would like us to cover, please put them in our suggestion form using the following link: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/program-suggestions/

Today we are going to cover phrases related to eating.

1) Are you hungry?

क्या आपको भूख लगी है ?

kya aapko bhookh lagii hai?

2) Yes, I am hungry.

जी हाँ, मुझे भूख लगी है।

jii haan, mujhe bhuukh lagii hai.

3) What would you like to eat?

Talking to a Man:

आप क्या खाना चाहते हैं ?

aap kya khaanaa chahate hain?

Talking to a woman:

आप क्या खाना चाहती हैं ?

aap kya khaanaa chahatii hain?

4) I would like rice, dal, vegetable, and bread.

मुझे चावल, दाल, सब्ज़ी और रोटी चाहिये।

mujhe chaaval, daal, sabzii aur rotii chahiye.

5) What would you like to drink?

Talking to a Man:

आप क्या पीयेंगे ?

aap kya piiyenge?

Talking to a woman:

आप क्या पीयेंगी ?

aap kya piiyengii?

6) I want water.

मुझे पानी चाहिये।

mujhe paanii chaahiye.

 

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Today we learn some phrases that you can use to get people to practice Hindi with you.

1) I am learning Hindi?

Male Speaker:

मैं हिंदी सीख रहा हूँ।

mein hindi siikh rahaa huun

Female Speaker:

मैं हिंदी सीख रही हूँ।

mein hindi siikh rahii huun

2) Please practice Hindi with me.

कृपया आप मेरे साथ हिंदी का अभ्यास करें।

kripya aap mere sath hindi ka abhyaas karen

3) What is this?

यह क्या है ?

yah kyaa hai?

4) How do you say <some word> in Hindi?

आप हिंदी में <some word>को क्या कहते हैं ?

 

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1) Please say it again.

कृपया फिर से बोलिए।

krapayaa phir se bolie

2) Please speak slower.

कृपया धीरे बोलिए।

krapayaa dhiire bolie

3) Please use smaller words.

कृपया छोटे शब्दों का प्रयोग कीजिए।

krapayaa chote shabdon kaa prayog kiijie

4) Please write it down.

कृपया इसे लिखिए।

krapayaa ise likhie

5) Please read this.

कृपया यह पढ़िए।

krapayaa yah pardie

 

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1) Do you speak Hindi?

(talking to a man):

क्या आप हिंदी बोलते हैं?
kya aap hindi bolte hain?

(talking to a woman):

क्या आप हिंदी बोलती हैं?
kya aap hindi boltii hain?

2) Yes, I speak a little Hindi.

(male speaker):

हाँ, मैं थोड़ी हिंदी बोलता हूँ।
haan, mein thordii hindi bolta huun.

(female speaker):

हाँ, मैं थोड़ी हिंदी बोलती हूँ।
haan, mein thordii hindi boltii huun.

3) No, I only speak English.

male speaker:

नहीं, मैं केवल अंग्रेज़ी बोलता हूँ।
nahiin, mein keval angrezii bolta huun.

female speaker:

नहीं, मैं केवल अंग्रेज़ी बोलती हूँ।
nahiin, mein keval angrezii boltii huun.

4) Do you speak English?

to a man:

क्या आप अंग्रेज़ी बोलते हैं?
kya aap angrezii bolte hain?

to a woman:

क्या आप अंग्रेज़ी बोलती हैं?
kya aap angrezii boltii hain?

5) Yes, I speak a little English.

male speaker:
हाँ, मैं थोड़ी अंग्रेज़ी बोलता हूँ।
haan, mein thordii angrezii bolta huun.

female speaker:

हाँ, मैं थोड़ी अंग्रेज़ी बोलती हूँ।
haan, mein thordii angrezii boltii huun.

6) No, I only speak Hindi.

male speaker:

नहीं, मैं केवल हिंदी बोलता हूँ।
nahiin, mein keval hindi bolta huun.

female speaker:

नहीं, मैं केवल हिंदी बोलती हूँ।
nahiin, mein keval hindi boltii huun.

 

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We have some guests this week and do not have time to record and write out the sessions.  I really want to keep up with our daily routine if at all possible.

We have a wiki page setup to capture information related to postpositions.  We hope to get this updated.  However, please try writing out part of the sessions and review other people’s attempts to do this.

http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Postpositions

 

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Reminder:

In the month of July, we are going to use the above book as the basis for our lessons. We are going to send out a copy of the book to people that donate $25 or more to support our site (while supplies last.)

$25 $50 $100 $10

Objective:

Learn the postpositions (prepositions) for ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘up to’, ‘to’, and ‘from’.

Lesson:

First off, I want to say thank you to Inga from Germany. Inga left a suggestion on the website for some sessions to cover. If you would like for us to cover something in particular, please go to ISpeakHindi.com and click on the “Make a suggestion” link on the right hand side. We are always looking for ideas for topics to cover. And would be happy to cover something of interest to you.

Today we are going to cover simple, one word prepositions. We call them prepositions in English, and in some other languages, because these words appear before the noun that they show the relation to. In Hindi, these words appear after the noun. So we call them postpositions.

The five postpositions that we will be covering today are for ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘up to’, ‘to’, and ‘by/with/from’.

में (men) - in

Example sentences:

वह घर मैं है। (vah ghar main hai.) - He is in the house.

वह (vah) is a pronoun that refers to something or someone in the third person. It can be “he”, “she”, or “it”. You have to look at the rest of the sentence for context. There is no other context provided, so we just assume “He”.

घर (ghar) = “house”.

में (men) = “in” (notice that we write and say “घर मैं (ghar main)” for “in the house”. The “in” word comes after the noun that you are “in”. This is backwards from English. And this is true with all the prepositions/postpositions.)

है (hai) = “is”. (notice also that the verb comes at the end of the sentence.)

Let us look at another sample sentence that uses में (men).

मैं दफ़्तर में हूँ। (mein daphtar men huun) = I am in the office.

It is easy to confuse the Hind pronoun for “I” which is मैं (mein) and the postposition that means “in” which is में. One word for “I” has a diphthong (ay-ee) and the word for “in” has a pure “ay” vowel. They both begin with “m” and end in “n”. Listen out carefully for it on the recording.

दफ़्तर (daphtar) = office

में (men) = “in”

हूँ (huun) = “is”. Notice that when the subject of the sentence is “वह (vah) = he/she/it”, we use “है (hai)” for “is”. But when the subject is “मैं (mein) = I” the word for “is” is “हूँ (huun)”. This is a good thing to remember.

पर - (par) - on

चाबियाँ मेज़ पर हैं।

(chaabiyaan mez par hain)

The keys are on the table.

बिल्ली कुर्सी पर है।

(billii kursii par hai)

The cat is on the chair.

तक - (tak) - up to

को - (ko) - to

से - (se) - from

Now listen to the sample sentences for the other prepositions and come to the wiki on our website and document them like we did above. This will help practice with the listening and writing. Check back to see what others contribute as well:

http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Postpositions

 

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Objective:

Review making the present tense form of verbs depending on gender, number, and person. (See July 12, 2008 - Present Tense masculine and June 13, 2008 - Present Tense feminine. Also, you can see other examples of form the present tense using the verbs “to write” and “to say” in the July 14, 2008 podcast.)

Review all the forms for:

• खाना (khaanaa) - to eat
• जाना (jaanaa) - to go
• आना (aanaa) - to come

Lesson

खाना (khaanaa) - to eat

Masculine forms

I eat. = मैं खाता हूँ। (main khaata huun)

We eat. = हम खाते हैं। (ham khaate hain.)

You eat. (very informal) = तू खाता है। (tuu khaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You eat. (informal) = तुम खाते हो। (tum khaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You eat. (formal) = आप खाते हैं। (aap khaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He eats. वह खाता है। (vah khaata hai)

They eat. वे खाते हैं। (ve khaate hain).

Feminine forms

I eat. = मैं खाती हूँ। (main khaathii huun)

We eat. = हम खाती हैं। (ham khaathii hain.)

You eat. (very informal) = तू खाती है। (tuu khaathii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You eat. (informal) = तुम खाती हो। (tum khaathii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You eat. (formal) = आप खाती हैं। (aap khaathii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She eats. वह खाती है। (vah khaathii hai)

They eat. वे खाती हैं। (ve khaathii hain).

जाना (jaanaa) - to go

Masculine forms

I go. = मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaata huun)

We go. = हम जाते हैं। (ham jaate hain.)

You go. (very informal) = तू जाता है। (tuu jajaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You go. (informal) = तुम जाते हो। (tum jaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You go. (formal) = आप जाते हैं। (aap jaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He goes. वह जाता है। (vah jaata hai)

They go. वे जाते हैं। (ve jaate hain).

Feminine forms

I go. = मैं जाती हूँ। (main jaatii huun)

We go. = हम जाती हैं। (ham jaatii hain.)

You go. (very informal) = तू जाती है। (tuu jaatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You go. (informal) = तुम जाती हो। (tum jaatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You go. (formal) = आप जाती हैं। (aap jaatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She goes. वह जाती है। (vah jaatii hai)

They go. वे जाती हैं। (ve jaatii hain).

आना (aanaa) - to come

Masculine forms

I come. = मैं आता हूँ। (main aanta huun)

We come. = हम आते हैं। (ham aante hain.)

You come. (very informal) = तू आता है। (tuu aanta hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You come. (informal) = तुम आते हो। (tum aante ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You come. (formal) = आप आते हैं। (aap aante hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He comes. वह आता है। (vah aanta hai)

They come. वे आते हैं। (ve aante hain).

Feminine forms

I come. = मैं आती हूँ। (main aatii huun)

We come. = हम आती हैं। (ham aatii hain.)

You come. (very informal) = तू आती है। (tuu aatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You come. (informal) = तुम आती हो। (tum aatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You come. (formal) = आप आती हैं। (aap aatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She comes. वह आती है। (vah aatii hai)

They come. वे आती हैं। (ve aatii hain).

Resources

Visit the page about the present tense: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_Present_Tense

 

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Objective:

Review making the present tense form of verbs depending on gender, number, and person. (See July 12, 2008 - Present Tense masculine and June 13, 2008 - Present Tense feminine)

Review all the forms for:

• लिखना (likhanaa) - to write
• कहना (kahanaa) - to say

Lesson

In order to form the present tense, you must remember these combination of pronouns and helper verbs:

I [verb] = मैं [verb] हूँ। (main [verb] huun)

We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.)

You [verb] (very informal) = तू [verb] है (tuu [verb] hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You [verb] (informal) = तुम [verb] हो (tum [verb] ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You [verb] (formal) = आप [verb] हैं (aap [verb] hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He/She/It [verb]. वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai)

They [verb]. वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain).

You must also learn three rules:

1) If the subject is masculine and singular take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)”

2) If the subject is masculine and plural take the root of the verb and add “ते (te)”

3) If the subject is feminine take the root of the verb and add “ती (tii)”

Example using लिखना (likhanaa) - to write

Masculine forms

I write = मैं लिखता हूँ। (main likhata huun)

We write = हम लिखते हैं। (ham likhate hain.)

You write (very informal) = तू लिखता है (tuu likhata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You write (informal) = तुम लिखते हो (tum likhate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You write (formal) = आप लिखते हैं (aap likhate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He writes . वह लिखता है। (vah likhata hai)

They write. वे लिखते हैं। (ve likhate hain).

Feminine forms

I write. = मैं लिखनी हूँ। (main likhataii huun)

We write = हम लिखनी हैं। (ham likhataii hain.)

You write (very informal) = तू लिखनी है (tuu likhataii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You write (informal) = तुम लिखनी हो (tum likhataii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You write (formal) = आप लिखनी हैं (aap likhataii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She writes . वह लिखनी है। (vah likhataii hai)

They write. वे लिखनी हैं। (ve likhataii hain).

Here is another example using कहना (kahanaa) - to say

Masculine forms

I say = मैं कहता हूँ। (main kahata huun)

We say = हम कहते हैं। (ham kahate hain.)

You say (very informal) = तू कहता है (tuu kahata hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You say (informal) = तुम कहते हो (tum kahate ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You say (formal) = आप कहते हैं (aap kahate hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

He says . वह कहता है। (vah kahata hai)

They say. वे कहते हैं। (ve kahate hain).

Feminine forms

I say. = मैं कहती हूँ। (main kahatii huun)

We say = हम कहती हैं। (ham kahatii hain.)

You say (very informal) = तू कहती है (tuu kahatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb)

You say (informal) = तुम कहती हो (tum kahatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb)

You say (formal) = आप कहती हैं (aap kahatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb)

She says. वह कहती है। (vah kahatii hai)

They say. वे कहती हैं। (ve kahatii hain).

Resources

Visit the page about the present tense: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_Present_Tense

 

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Objective:

Review the present tense masculine verb forms from yesterday’s lesson.

Learn the different forms of the verb for present tense feminine forms.

Lesson:

Review of masculine form

First get the “root” of the verb by remove “-ना (-naa)”.  If the subject is masculine singular, then add “ता (ta)” to the end.  If the subject is masculine and plural add “ते (te)”.

Now you just need to know the “helper” verb for the pronoun you want to use.  These pairings are the same for the feminine form of the present tense that we are covering today.

masculine - first person - singular

I [verb]  = मैं [verb] हूँ।  (main [verb] huun)

example:  I read.   मैं पढ़ता हूँ।  (main pardta huun).

masculine - first person - plural

We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.)

example: We read.  हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.)

masculine - second person

The second person can be a little confusing.  There are three versions of you.  तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap).  All three of which can be used when talking to a single person.  The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal.  It would be used when talking to your child, for instance.  The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural.  The most polite version is आप (aap).

You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs.

तू (tuu) and है (hai)

तुम (tum) and हो (ho)

आप (aap) and हैं (hain)

Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added.  And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added.  The various forms of “I read.” are as follows:

तू पढ़ता है    (tuu pardta hai)

तुम पढ़ते हो   (tum pardte ho)

आप पढ़ते हैं   (aap pardte hain)

masculine - third person - singular

He [verb].  वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai)

example: He reads.  वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai)

masculine - third person - plural

They [verb].  वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain).

example: They read.  वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain).

Feminine Present Tense

After understanding the masculine version, the feminine form will be easy.  Take the root of the verb and add “ती (thii)” for both the singular and plural forms.  Here is an example using पढ़ना (pardnaa) - to read.

I read. (female speaker)  मैं पढ़ती हूँ।  (main pardtii huun).

We read. (referring to a group of females) हम पढ़ती हैं। (ham pardtii hain.)

You read. (referring to a female)  Three versions:

तू पढ़ती है    (tuu pardtii hai)

तुम पढ़ती हो   (tum pardtii ho)

आप पढ़ती हैं   (aap pardtii hain)  (This is the most formal.. If in doubt, use this form.)

She reads.  वह पढ़ती है। (vah pardtii hai)

They read.  वे पढ़ती हैं। (ve pardtii hain).  (for a group of females)

Resources:

I have created the beginnings of a page on the wiki explaining the present tense.  I have only completed the example for “to read”.  Sign up for an account on the wiki, http://www.ISpeakHindi.com/wiki and log in.  Once you are logged in, visit the page about the present tense: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_Present_Tense You can click on “edit” for a particular section or for the whole page at the top.  Fill out the missing information.  If somebody else has already completed all of the verbs, go find another Hindi verb and add it to the list.

 

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Objective:

Learn to identify the root of a verb and conjugate it for a masculine subject in the present tense.

Lesson:

The present tense are simple statements about what is happening now, examples: “I read.” “He writes.” “They shop.” etc. The conjugation of the verb will change depending up three things:

1) The “person” of the subject. Is the subject first person. Are you talking about “I” or “We”. Or is the subject second person, i.e. “you”. Or is the subject third person, i.e. “He” or “them”

2) Is the subject plural or singular?

3) Is the subject masculine, feminine, or a combination of the two. Remember that in Hindi, every noun has a “gender”, and the appropriate form of the verb needs to be used to match that gender.

But before we get to the different forms of the present tense verb for masculine subjects, let us talk about the “root” of a verb.  If you were to look up a verb in the dictionary, it would be in its “infinitive” form.  Here are the verbs we will be using for the these four sessions on the present tense verbs:

पढ़ना (pardnaa) - to read

लिखना (likhanaa) - to write

कहना (kahanaa) - to say

खाना (khaanaa) - to eat

जाना (jaanaa) - to go

आना (aanaa) - to come

सीखना (siikhana) - to learn

सुनना (sunanaa) - to listen

Notice how all the words end in -ना (-naa)?  Remove that part, and you have the root of the verb.  It is the root that endings are added to for each different case.  The root of the verb “to read” पढ़ना (pardnaa) is पढ़ (pard).  Identify the root of each of the other verbs.  I will give you the answers tomorrow.

First Person

Singular

The first person singular refers to “I”, the person that is speaking.  “I” in Hindi is “मैं (main)”.

There is a helper verb for मैं (main) is हूँ (huun).  You will want to remember this combination मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun).

Now for the present tense, singular, first person, masculine subjects, you take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)” and insert it between the मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun).  For example:

I read.   मैं पढ़ता हूँ।  (main pardta huun).

Take the other verbs above and create the sentences:

I say.  (Where I refers to a male speaker.)

I eat.

I go.

I come

I learn.

I listen.

We will give you the answers in the next three podcasts.

Plural

The plural first person is “We” (masculine) which is “हम (ham)”.  This always goes with “हैं (hain)”.  Remember this pair “हम (ham)” and “हैं (hain)”.

Now for the plural form of the verb, we need to take the root and add “ते (te)”.  For example:

We read.  हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.)

Now try to create the masculine, first person, plural forms of each of the verbs given above.

Second Person

The second person can be a little confusing.  There are three versions of you.  तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap).  All three of which can be used when talking to a single person.  The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal.  It would be used when talking to your child, for instance.  The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural.  The most polite version is आप (aap).

You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs.

तू (tuu) and है (hai)

तुम (tum) and हो (ho)

आप (aap) and हैं (hain)

Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added.  And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added.  The various forms of “I read.” are as follows:

तू पढ़ता है    (tuu pardta hai)

तुम पढ़ते हो   (tum pardte ho)

आप पढ़ते हैं   (aap pardte hain)

Now try to use the verbs mentioned above to create these three different types of “You (blank)” sentences.  We will review the answers in the upcoming podcasts.

Third Person

Singular

The masculine third person singular includes the pronouns he,  it, and this.  All of these  are वह (vah).  The helper verb is है (hai).  So remember this combination वह (vah) and है (hai).  Here is an example:

He reads.  वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai)

Now you try creating similar sentences using the verbs above.

Plural

The third person plural includes these and they.  Which is “वे (ve)”.  And the helper verb is “हैं (hain)”.

They read.  वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain).

Other Resources

I have created the beginnings of a page on the wiki explaining the present tense.  I have only completed the example for “to read”.  Sign up for an account on the wiki, http://www.ISpeakHindi.com/wiki and log in.  Once you are logged in, visit the page about the present tense: http://www.ispeakhindi.com/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_Present_Tense You can click on “edit” for a particular section or for the whole page at the top.  Fill out the missing information.  If somebody else has already completed all of the verbs, go find another Hindi verb and add it to the list.