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In this episode we will review the first person tenses that we have covered so far. For example, we will look at “I come.” “I went” “I will go.”

Now let us go over the review questions from the last episode:

Translate from Hindi to English and identify if the speaker is a man or a woman.

1) मैं किताब लूँगा। (main kitaab luungaa)

Man speaking:  I will take the book.

2) मैं पेसा नहीं लूँगी।  (main pesaa nahiin luungii)

Woman speaking: I will not take the money.

3) मैं आपको चाय दूँगा।  (main aapko chaay duungaa)

Man speaking: I will give the tea to you.

4) मैं आपसे मेज़ लूँगा। (main aapse mez luungaa)

Man Speaking: I will take the table from you.

5) मैं राम को मेरी काली क़लम दूँगी।  (main raam ko merii kaalii qalam duungii)

Woman Speaking: I will give my black pen to Ram.

Lesson

When you look up a word in the dictionary, you will find it in its “infinitive” form.  This is the form that ends with ना (naa), remove the ना (naa) and change the ending to conjugate it for the subject of the sentence and the tense.  In the past few episodes, we have covered many of the first person singular tenses.  The present tense “I go”.  The past tense “I went” and the future tense “I will go”.  Today let us review these.  Many of these forms change depending on if it is spoken by a man or a woman.

उठना (uthnaa) is the verb “to rise” (also means “to get up”).  Take off the ना and you have उठ.

I rise:

Man: मैं उठता हूँ।  (main uthtaa)

Woman: मैं उठती हूँ। (main uththii)

I rose:

Man: मैं उठा। (main uthaa)

Woman: मैं उठी।  (main uthii)

I will rise:

Man: मैं उठूँगा।  (main uthuungaa)

Woman: मैं उठूँगी।  (main uthuungii)

to move is चलना  (chalnaa)

I move.

Man: मैं चलता हूँ।  (main chaltaa huun)

Woman: मैं चलती हूँ।  (main chaltii huun)

I moved.

Man: मैं चला।  (main chalaa)

Woman: मैं चली।  (main chalii)

I will move.

Man: मैं चलूँगा।  (main chaluungaa)

Woman: मैं चलूँगी।  (main ghaluungii)

To come is आना.  (aanaa)

I come:

Man: मैं आता हूँ।  (main aataa huun)

Woman: मैं आती हूँ।  (main aathii huun)

And remember in the past tense if the stem ends in a आ or an ई then add a य before adding the usual ending.

I came:

Man: मैं आया।  (main aayaa)

Woman: मैं आयी।  (main aayii)

I will come:

Man: मैं आऊँगा।  (main aauungaa)

Woman: मैं आऊँगी।  (main aauungii)

“to go” is जाना  (jaanaa)

I go:

Man: मैं जाता हूँ।  (main jaataa huun)

Woman: मैं जाती हूँ।  (main jaatii huun)

But remember “I went” is different.

I went:

man: मैं गया।  (main gayaa)

woman: मैं गयी।  (main gayii)

I will go:

man: मैं जाऊँगा।  (main jaauungaa)

woman: मैं जाऊँगी।  (main jaauungii)

And do not forget that होना (honaa) “to be”, लेना (lenaa) “to take”, and देना (denaa) “to give” have a slightly different future tense form.

Here are some questions to test your understanding.  Use the following verbs:

गिरना – to fall

मिलना – to meet

रोना – to cry (weep)

Translate the following two times.  First as if a man was saying it, then as if a woman was saying it.

1) I will fall.

2) I met.

3) I cry.

4) I fell.

5) I will meet.

We are going to try something different.  Instead of including the answers at the first part of the next lesson, use the link below to be taken to a page that has the answers with a recording of the explanation.

Click here to view and hear the answers.

You can discuss this lesson in our forums.

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In the previous episode we learned how to make the first person future tense of verbs.  However, there are three verbs that do not follow that pattern.  We will cover them in this episode.

First let us look at the review questions from lat time.

Translate each sentence two times.  First as if a man was saying then as if a woman was saying it.

Almost all the verbs follow the pattern presented in the last session.  There are three common verbs that do not.  These are होना (honaa) “to be”, लेना (lenaa) “to take”, and देना (denaa) “to give”.  The pattern is not much different, just drop the ए (e) and then add the normal ending.

A man would say “I will be” by saying मैं हूँगा (main huungaa) and a woman would say मैं हूँगी (main huungii).

A man would say “I will take” by saying “मैं लूँगा” (main luungaa) and a woman would say “मैं लूँगी” (main luungii).

A man would say “I will give” by saying मैं दूँगा (main duungaa) and a woman would say मैं दूँगी (main duungii).

Here is a more complex sentence.

मैं पैसा दूँगी और मैं खाना लूँगी। (main phaisaa duungii our main khaanaa luungii)  Woman saying: I will give the money and I will take the food.

Exercises:

Translate from Hindi to English and identify if the speaker is a man or a woman.

1) मैं किताब लूँगा।

2) मैं पेसा नहीं लूँगी।

3) मैं आपको चाय दूँगा।

4) मैं आपसे मेज़ लूँगा।

5) मैं राम को मेरी काली क़लम दूँगी।

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Last time we talked about the first person past tense for intransitive verbs.  You would think that in this lesson we will talk about the past tense for transitive verbs.  However, the grammar is very different.  Instead of agreeing with the speaker, it agrees with the direct object, the thing that receives the action.  Therefore, we will come back and talk about the past tense for transitive verbs after we cover the other tenses and the different types of nouns. 

In this lesson we will learn about the first person/singular future tense.      Examples:  “I will eat.”  “I will drink.”  “I will speak.” etc.

Let us go over the answers to the last episode’s review questions.  If you have not listen to the last episode, you might want to before continuing.

Translate each of the following sentences two times.  First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

Translate the following from Hindi into English. Indicate if it is spoken by a man or a woman.

6) मैं नहीं उठा।  (main nahiin uthaa)

Man said, “I did not rise.”

7) मैं नहीं भूली। (main nahiin bhuulii)

Woman said, “I did not forget.”

8) मैं आया और अभी मैं जाता हूँ। (main aayaa aur abhii main jaataa huun)

Man said, “I came and now I go.”

9) मैं आयी और तब मैं ठहरी। (main aayii aur tab main thaharii)

Woman said, “I came and then I waited.”

10) जब मैं गिरा तब मैं रोया।  (jab main giraa tab main royaa)

Man said, “When I fell then I cried.”

Lesson:

Let us start with some examples of the future tense.  If a man says “I will speak,” then he would say “मैं बोलूँगा”  (main boluungaa) But if a woman would say, “I will speak”, then she would say, “मैं बोलूँगी” (main boluungii).  Let us look at the pattern here a little closer.  The verb बोलना (bolnaa) means “to speak”.  Drop the ना (naa) and you have the root or stem बोल (bol) then in the case of a man, you add ऊँगा (uungaa)  to make बोलूँगा (boluungaa).  In the case of a woman you add ऊँगी (uungii) to make बोलूँगी (boluungii).

Here is another example.  आना (aanaa) means “to come.”  Take off the ending, the ना (naa) and you are left आ (aa).  Then for a man, add ऊँगा (uungaa) to make आऊँगा (aauungaa).  A man could say, “I will come” by saying, “मैं आऊँगा” (main aauungaa).  A woman would take the stem of the verb, आ (aa) and add ऊँगी (uungii) to make आऊँगी (aauungii).  A woman could say, “I will come” by saying, “मैं आऊँगी” (main aauungii).

Here are some more examples.

सीखना (siikhnaa) means “to learn.”

A man would say, “I will learn.” by saying “मैं सीखूँगा”  (main siikhuungaa) A woman would say, “I will learn” by saying, “मैं सीखूँगी” (main siikhuungii).

खेलना (khelnaa) means “to play.”

A man would say, “I will play.” by saying “मैं खेलूँगा” (main kheluungaa) and a woman would say “I will play.” by saying “मैं खेलूँगी” (main kheluungii).

Use the following verbs in the exercises below. 

पीना – to drink

खाना – to eat

जाना – to go

मिलना – to meet

देखना – to see

Translate each sentence two times.  First as if a man was saying then as if a woman was saying it.

1) I will drink.

2) I will eat.

3) I will go.

4) I will meet.

5) I will see.

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Yesterday, we learned about the present tense for first person verbs.  Today we will learn about the past tense for intransitive verbs.  Some examples in English would be “I went”, “I came”, “I rose”.

Before continuing let us go over the review questions from yesterday’s session.

Translate each of the following sentences two times.  First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

Translate the following from Hindi into English.  Also determine if it is being spoken by a man or a woman.

5) मैं एक आम देखता हूँ। (main ek aam dekhtaa huun)

Man saying, “I see a Mango.”

6) मैं क्रिकेट देखती हूँ। (main kriket dekhtii huun)

Woman saying, “I watch cricket.”

Translate the following into Hindi:

7) to go – जाना (jaanaa)

8) to speak – बोलना (bolnaa)

9) to eat – खाना (khaanaa)

10) to play – खेलना (khelnaa)

Lesson

First, what are intransitive verbs?  These are verbs that do not take a direct object.  The action of these verbs describe how the subject of the sentence changed.  The action of the verb does not describe something that was done to something.  Here are some examples to illustrate.

“I went” describes a change to the subject of the sentence, “I”.  “I” changed locations, went places.

“I ate a mango”, this describes an action that was done to something.  A mango was eaten.  This is a transitive verb.  Even if the sentence was “I ate”, there would be something implied that was “eaten”, and it is still transitive in Hindi.

Today we talk only about the intransitive verbs such as “to rise”, “to come”, “to go”, ” to forget”, and “to stay”

Like the present tense, these change depending on if they are spoken by a man or a woman.

“I rose” a man would say, “मैं उठा।” (main uthaa) but a woman would say “मैं उठी।” (main uthii)

“I forgot” a man would say, “मैं भूला।” (main bhuulaa) but a woman would say “मैं भूली।” (main bhuulii).

“I stayed” a man would say, मैं रहा (main rahaa) and a woman would say मैं रही (main rahii).

You see how we add आ (aa) or ई (ii) to the stem to make the past tense?  There is a catch.  What if there is already a आ at then end of the stem, then you add य (y) before adding आ (aa).  Take for example the word “to come” which is आना (aanaa), the stem is just आ (aa).

A man would say “I came” by saying “मैं आया” (main aayaa)

A woman would say “मैं आई”.  (main aaii)

And the word for “went” is completely different than the word for “go”.  In Hindi, a man would say “I go” by saying मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaataa) but he would say “I went” by saying मैं गया (main gayaa). A woman would say मैं गई (main gaii).  This is also true if it ends in any of the other vowels.

Let us try some review questions to test your understanding.  Let us give you some more intransitive verbs that you can use.

ठहरना (thaharnaa) – to wait

चलना (chalnaa) – to move

गिरना (girnaa) – to fall

मिलना (milnaa) – to meet

रोना (ronaa) – to cry (weep)

Translate each of the following sentences two times.  First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

1) I waited.

2) I moved.

3) I fell.

4) I met.

5) I cried.

Translate the following from Hindi into English. Indicate if it is spoken by a man or a woman.

6) मैं नहीं उठा।

7) मैं नहीं भूली।

8) मैं आया और अभी मैं जाता हूँ।

9) मैं आयी और तब मैं ठहरी।

10) जब मैं गिरा तब मैं रोया।

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Today we are going to learn about the first person present tense.  This would be sentences like “I go”, “I eat”, “I speak”, and the like.

Now let us go over the review questions from the last episode.

Give the Oblique case for the following pronouns which are listed in the direct case:

1) मैं  (main) – मुझ (mujh)

2) वे (ve) – उन (un)

Translate the following sentences from English into Hindi:

3) Do you want water?

क्या आप को पानी चाहिए?

(kyaa aap ko paanii chaahie)

4) They (over there) want a car.

उन को गाड़ी चाहिए।

(un ko gari chahie)

5) He (close by) does not want a house.

इस को घर नहीं चाहिए।

(is ko ghar nahiin chahie)

Fill in the blank:

6) वे प्यासे हैं।  _उन को___ पानी चाहिए।

(ve pyaase hain.  un ko paanii chaahie)

7) जब  मुझे भूख लगती है तब _मुझ को___  खाना चाहिए।

Translate the following from Hindi into English:

8) गाड़ी – car

9) कमरा – room

10) कमरे – rooms

Lesson

When you look up verbs in the dictionary, you will find they all end in “ना” (naa).  When you remove this, you have the stem.  For example, “जाना” (jaanaa) is the verb for “to go”.  The stem of this verb is “जा” (jaa).  In order to make the first person, present tense of this verb you add ता (taa) or ती (tii) depending on if you are a man or a woman.

For example, if a man wanted to say “I go” then he would say मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaataa huun) but if a woman wanted to say “I go” she would say  मैं जाती हूँ। (main jaatii huun)

Let us look at some more examples.  खाना (khaanaa) means to eat.  A man  would say मैं खाता हूँ। (main khaataa huun) to say “I eat.” But a woman would say मैं खाती हूँ। (main khaataa huun).

खेलना (khelnaa) is the verb that means “to play.”  A man would say, “I play” by saying मैं खेलता हूँ। (main kheltaa huun) and a woman would say मैं खेलती हूँ। (main kheltii huun).

The verb to speak is बोलना (boolnaa). A man would say मैं बोलता हूँ। (main boltaa huun) and a woman would say “I speak” by saying मैं बोलती हूँ। (main booltii huun).

You should see the pattern now.  We have a number of new verbs in the exercises at the end for you to practice with.

Let us make the sentences above a little more complex.

A man could say, “I go to the office.” by saying “मैं दफ्तर को जाता हूँ।” (main daphtar ko and a woman would say “I go to the office” by saying मैं दफ्तर को जाती हूँ। (main daphtar jaatii huun).  Here you can replace the word for office, दफ्तर (daphtar) with any place.  Remember that को (ko) is the postposition that means “to”.

A man could say “I eat mangos” by saying “मैं आम खाता हूँ।” (main aam khaataa huun) and a woman could say “I don’t eat onion by saying “मैं प्याज़ नहीं खाती हूँ।” (main pyaaz nahiin khaatii huun) In everyday conversation, you will find that the last हूँ (huun) will be dropped if it is a negative statement.  In this case the woman could just say मैं प्याज़ नहीं खाती। (main pyaaz nahiin khaatii).

A man could say “I don’t play kubaddi” by saying मैं कबड्डी नहीं खेलता हूँ। (main kabddii nahiin kheltaa huun).  And a woman could say “I play cricket” by saying “मैं क्रिकेट खेलती हूँ।” (main kriket kheltii huun).

A man could say “I speak Hindi” by saying मैं हिंदी बोलता हूँ। (main hindii boltaa huun) and a woman could say “I speak English” by saying “मैं अँग्रेज़ी बोलती हूँ” (main angrazii huun).

Review Questions

Now here are some review questions to give you a chance to practice what you learned. 

Here are some new verbs that you will use:

आना – to come

देखना – to see

सीखना – to learn

सुनना – to listen

Translate each of the following sentences two times.  First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

1) I come.

2) I see.

3) I learn Hindi.

4) I listen to Hindi.

Translate the following from Hindi into English.  Also determine if it is being spoken by a man or a woman.

5) मैं एक आम देखता हूँ।

6) मैं क्रिकेट देखती हूँ।

Translate the following into Hindi:

7) to go

8) to speak

9) to eat

10) to play