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[If you are a paid ISpeakHindi.com subscriber, then access the audio lesson in the Paid Subscribers area.] English Hindi Transliteration How tall is he? वह कितना लंबा है? Vah kitana lamba hai? He is tall. वह लंबा है। Vah lamba hai He is very tall. वह बहुत लंबा है। Vah bahut lamba hai He is short. वह छोटा है। Vah chota hai He is quite short. वह काफ़ी छोटा है। Vah kaafi chota hai He is medium height. वह माध्यम ऊंचाई का है। Vah madhyam oochayi ka hai He is thin. वह पतला है। Vah patala hai Is she slim? क्या वह पतली है? Kya vah patali hai? No, She is fat/plump. नहीं, वह मोटी है। Nahin, vah moti hai Does she have long hair? उसके लंबे बॉल है क्या? Uske lambe baal hai kya? She has long, black hair. उसके लंबे काले बाल है। Uske lambe kale baal hai She has short hair. उसके छोटे बाल है। Uske chote baal hai She has short, straight, brown hair. उसके छोटे, सीधे, भूरे रंग के बाल है। Uske chote, seedhe, bhure rang ke baal hai What colour hair does she have? उसके बालों के रंग क्या है? Uske baalom ke rang kya hai? She has blonde hair. उसके सुनहरे बाल है। Uske sunhare baal hai He has no hair. उसके बाल नहीं है। Uske baal nahin hai Does she wear glasses? क्या वह चश्मा पहनती है? Kya vah chashma pahanti hai? Yes, She wears glasses हाँ, वह चश्मा पहनती है। Ham, vah chashma pahanti hai She has very pale skin. उसकी त्वचा बहुत पीली है। Uski tvacha bahut peeli hai Mary is a very beautiful woman. मेरी एक बहुत खूबसूरत औरत है। Mary ek bahut khoobsoorat aurat hai Jack is a very handsome man. जैक एक बहुत सुंदर आदमी है। Jack ek bahut sundar aadmi hai Dona is a pretty girl. डोना एक सुंदर लड़की है। Dona ek sundar ladki hai Quasimodo is quite ugly. क़ुआसिमोड़ो काफ़ी बदसूरत है। Quasimodo kafi badsoorat hai He has a very big nose. उसके बहुत बड़े नाक है। Uske bahut bade naak hai She has blue eyes. उसकी नीली आँखें है। Uski neeli aankhem hai

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Interrogative Sentences – प्रशन वाचक (Prashna vachak)

English
Hindi
Transliteration

What is your name?
तुम्हारा नाम क्या है?
Tumhara naam kya hai?

What do you want?
तुम क्या चाहते हो?
Tum kya chahate ho?

Where do you live?
तुम कहाँ रहते हो?
Tum kahan rahate ho?

आप कहाँ रहते हैं?
Aap kahan rahate haim?

Do you know Simon?
क्या तुम साइमन को जानते हो?
Kya tum Simon ko jaante ho?

Why are you learning Hindi?
आप क्यों हिन्दी सीख रहे है?
Aap kyon Hindi seekh rahe hai?

When does the train depart from here?
रेलगाड़ी यहाँ से कब रवाना होती है?
Relgaadi yahan se kab ravaana hoti hai?

How many hours do you sleep?
आप कितने घंटे सोते है?
Aap kitane ghante sote hai?

What type of a man is Gopal Rao?
गोपाल राव कैसा आदमी है?
Gopal Rao kaisa aadmi hai?

Who washes your cloth?
तुम्हारे कपड़े कौन धोता है?
Tumhare kapade kaun dhota hai?

How much money do you have?
तुम्हारे पास कितने रुपये है?
Tumhare pass kitane rupaye hai?

What games do you know?
तुमको क्या-क्या खेल मालूम है?
Tumko kya-kya khel maloom hai?

In whose house do you live nowadays?
आजकल तुम किसके घर में रहते हो?
Aajkal tum kiske ghar mein rahate ho?

Who speaks Urdu in her house?
उसके घर में कौन-कौन उर्दू बोलते हैं?
Uske ghar mein kaun-kaun Urdu bolte haim?

When does it rain in Ooty?
ऊटी में पानी कब बरसता है?
Ooty mein paani kab barsata hai?

Where do these oranges come from?
ये संतरे कहाँ से आते है?
Ye santare kaham se aate hai?

How is his health today?
आज उसकी तबीयत कैसी है?
Aaj uski tabiyat kaisi hai?

Who is the owner of your house?
तुम्हारे घर का मलिक कौन है?
Tumhare ghar ka malik kaun hai?

When does the stars shine?
तारे कब चमकती हैं?
Taare kab chamakti haim?

Will he be here tomorrow?
क्या वह कल यहाँ रहेगा?
Kya vah kal yahan rahega?

Do you like tea or coffee?
तुमको चाय पसंद है या काफ़ी?
Tumko chay pasand hai ya kafi?

Where is Taj Mahal?
ताज महल कहाँ है?
Taj Mahal kahan hai?

How can I do this work alone?
मैं  अकेले यह काम कैसे कर सकता हूँ?
Main  akele yah kaam kaise kar sakta hoon?

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Rules for changing Singular Number – एकवचन (ekvachan) to Plural Number- बहुवचन (bahuvachan) – - without Case:  contd…….

1. Feminine nouns ending in ‘उ’ & ‘ऊ’ form plurals by changing  ‘उ’ & ‘ऊ’ to ‘एँ ‘

                             Singular
                                Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Thing
वस्तु
Vastu
Things
वस्तुएँ
Vastuyem

Cow
गौ
Gau
Cows
गौएँ
Gauyem

Daughter in law
बहु
Bahu
Daughters in law
बहुएँ
Bahuyem

Bride
वधू
Vadhu
Brides
वधुएँ
Vadhuyem

1. Except for the Feminine nouns that end in ‘ई’, most of the other feminine nouns can be changed to plural by adding ‘एँ

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Neck-Chain
माला
Maala
Neck-Chains
मालाएँ
Maalayem

Thing
वस्तु
Vastu
Things
वस्तुएँ
Vastuyem

1. For changing some nouns to their plural forms, collective words like गण–clan, लोग-people/community, वृन्द-covey, जन-folks/tribe, and so on are added to the singular nouns.

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Student/reader
पाठक
Padhak
Students/readers
पाठकगण
Padhakgan

Teacher
अध्यापक
Adhyaapak
Teachers
अध्यापकवृंद
Adhyaapakvrind

Student/disciple
विद्यार्थी
Vidyaarthi
Students/disciples
विद्यार्थीलोग
Vidyaarthilog

Sinner
पापी
Paapi
Sinners
पापीजन
Paapijan

Kin
बन्धु
Bandhu
Kinsfolk
बन्धु जन
Bandhujan

You
आप
Aap
You
आपलोग
Aaplog

Army/corp
सेना
Sena
Army/corps
सेनादल
Senadal

Rules for changing Singular Number – एकवचन to Plural Number- बहुवचन – with Case:

1. All nouns ending in ‘अ’, ‘आ’, ‘उ’, ‘ऊ’, ‘ओ’ and ‘ए ’ could be changed to the plurals by changing the ending sound to ‘ओं ’. Possibly a few words do not conform to this rule.

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

In the hand
हाथ में
haath mein
In the hands
हाथों में
haathom mein

from the eye
आँख से
aankh se
from the eyes
आँखों से
aankhom se

The dog
कुत्ते ने 
kutte ne
The dogs
कुत्तों ने
kuttom ne

On the climber/creeper
लता पर
lata par
On the climbers/creepers
लाताओं पर
lataom par

to the animal
पशु को
pashu ko
to the animals
पशुओं को
pashuom ko

1. All nouns ending in ‘इ’ & ‘ई’ could be changed to their plurals by changing the ‘इ’ & ‘ई’ to ‘यों ‘.

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

From saint
मुनि से
muni se
From saints
मुनियों से
muniyom se

In the river
नदी में
nadi mein
In the rivers
नदियों में
nadiyom mein

Accusative case – को
विद्यार्थी को
vidyaarthi ko
विद्यार्थियों को
vidyaarthiyom ko

The personal pronouns are as follows:

                            Singular
                    Plural

First Person
I
मैं (main)
We
हम (ham)

Second Person Intimate
You
तू (tu)
–

Second Person Familiar
You
तुम (tum)
You
तुम (tum)

Second Person Respectful
You
आप (aap)
You
आप/ आपलोग (aap/aaplog)

Third Person Near
He, She, It, This
यह (yah)
They,These
ये (ye)

Third Person Far
He, She, It, That
वह (vah)
They, Those
वे (ve)

The possessive pronouns:

SINGULAR
PLURAL

English
Hindi
English
Hindi

My
मेरा (mera)
Our
हमारा (hamara)

Your
तेरा (tera)
Your
आपका (aapka)

Your
तुम्हारा
(tumhara)
Their
उनका (unka)

His
उसका (uska)

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Rules for changing Singular Number – एकवचन (ekvachan) to Plural Number- बहुवचन (bahuvachan) – - without Case:

1. Masculine nouns ending in ‘आ’ make their plural form by changing ‘आ’ to ‘ए’

egs.

                             Singular
                                Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Son
बेटा
Beta
Sons
बेटे
Bete

Leaf
पत्ता
Patta
Leaves
पत्ते
Patte

Horse
घोड़ा
Ghoda
Horses
घोडे
Ghode

Cloth
कपड़ा
Kapada
Clothes
कपड़े
Kapake

Boy
लड़का
Ladka
Boys
लड़के
Ladke

Exceptions:-

Some masculine nouns have the same form for plurals as in maternal uncle – मामा(mama), maternal grandfather – नाना (nana), paternal grandfather – दादा (dada), paternal uncle – चाचा (chacha), uncle – काका (kaka), father – पिता (pita), warrior – योध्दा (yodha), a term of respect to the aged – बाबा (baba), leader – नेता (neta), companion – सखा (sakha), etc.

1. Feminine Nouns ending in इ form their  plural by changing ‘इ’ to ‘याँ’.

                             Singular
                                Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Custom/method
रीति            
Reeti
Customs / methods
रीतियाँ 
Reethiyam

Night
रात्रि
Raatri
Nights
रात्रियाँ
Raatriyam

Caste
जाति
Jaati
Castes
जातियाँ
Jaatiyam

Amount
राशि
Raasi
Amounts
राशियाँ
Raasiyam

Date
तिथि
Tithi
Dates
तिथियाँ
Tithiyam

1. Feminine Nouns ending in ई form their  plural by changing ‘ई’ to ‘इ form’ and adding ‘याँ’.

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Girl
लड़की
Ladki
Girls
लड़कियाँ
Ladkiyam

Lady/woman
स्त्री
Stree
Ladies/women
स्त्रियाँ
Sthriyam

River
नदी 
Nadi
Rivers
नदियाँ
Nadiyam

Girl Friend
सखी
Sakhi
Girl Friends
सखियाँ
Sakhiyam

Story
कहानी
Kahani
Stories
कहानियाँ
Kahaniyam

1. Nouns ending in ‘इया’ generally form their plural by the simple addition of anunasik – चंद्रबिन्दु (ँ).

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Daughter
बिटिया
Bitiya
Daughters
बिटियाँ
Bitiyam

Bird
चिड़िया
Chidiya
Birds
चिड़ियाँ
Chidiyaam

Doll
गुड़िया 
Gudiya
Dolls
गुड़ियाँ
Gudiyaam

1. Feminine nouns ending in ‘अ’ forms plural by changing  अ to ‘एं ‘ .

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Night
रात 
Raat
Nights
रातें
Raatem

Matter/topic
बात 
Baat
Matters/topics
बातें
Baatem

Book
किताब 
Kitaab
Books
किताबें
Kitaabem

Eye
आँख
Aankh
Eyes
आँखें
Aankhem

1. Feminine nouns ending in ‘आ’ forms plural by changing  आ to ‘एँ ‘

                             Singular
  Plural

English
Hindi
Transliteration
English
Hindi
Transliteration

Climber
लता
Latha
Climbers
लताएँ
Lathayem

Mother
माता
Maata
Mothers
माताएँ
Maatayem

Girl/Maiden
कन्या   
Kanya
Girls/Maidens
कन्याएँ
Kanyayem

Flow/trend
धारा
Dhaara
Flows/trends
धाराएँ
Dhaarayem

1. Except for the masculine nouns that end in ‘आ’, all others remain the same in the plural form.

English
Hindi
Transliteration

Teacher
गुरु
Guru

Infant/child
बालक
Baalak

House
घर
Ghar

Animal
पशु
Pashu

Dot/Point
बिंदु
Bindu

Holy person
मुनि
Muni

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Number – वचन (Vachan)

There are two Numbers in Hindi, Singular and Plural. A Noun denoting one person or thing is said to be in the Singular Number- एकवचन (ekvachan). A Noun denoting more than one person or thing is said to be in the Plural Number- बहुवचन (bahuvachan).

Examples:

English
Hindi
Transliteration

This girl is small.
यह लड़की छोटी है।
Yeh ladki choti hai

These girls are small
ये लड़कियाँ छोटी हैं।
Ye ladkiyam choti haim

These fruits are sweet.
ये फल मीठे हैं।
Ye phal meethe haim

That sweet fruit comes from Mumbai.
वह मीठा फल मुंबई से आता है।
Vah meetha phal mumbai se aata hai

I have two pens.
मेरे पास दो कलमें हैं।
Mere pass do kalamem haim

What are the names of your sons?
आपके लड़के का नाम क्या है?
Aapke ladke ka naam kya hai?

What is written in these books?
इन किताबों में क्या लिखा है?
In kitaabom mein kya likha hai?

Where do you people live?
आप लोग कहाँ रहते हैं?
Aap log kaham rahate haim?

My uncles have come.
मेरे चाचा आए हैं।
Mere chacha aaye haim

What is the price of these cows?
इन गायों का दाम कितना है?
In gaayom ka daam kitana hai?

These watches are not good.
ये घड़ियाँ अच्छी नहीं है।
Ye ghadiyam achchi nahin hai

Cats catch rats.
बिल्लियाँ चूहे को पकड़ती हैं।
Billiyam chuhe ko pakadti haim

My sisters don’t eat bread.
मेरी बहनें रोटी नहीं खातीं।
Meri bahenem roti nahin khatim

Ram has two horses.
राम के पास दो घोड़े हैं।
Ram ke pass do ghode haim

Elephant’s eyes are small and ears are big.
हाथी की आँखें छोटी और कान बड़े होते हैं।
Hathi ki aankhem choti aur kaan bade hote haim

There are five rivers in Punjab.
पंजाब में पाँच नदियाँ हैं।
Punjab mein paanch nadiyam haim

The roads in Madras are very broad.
मद्रास की सड़कें बहुत चौड़ी हैं।
Madras ki sadkem bahut choudi haim

Women wear bangles in their hands.
स्त्रियाँ अपनी हाथों में चूड़ियाँ पहनती हैं।
Sthriyam apni hathom mein choodiyam pahanti haim