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{Suresh 285} – Cases in Hindi    हिन्दी में कारक  (Hindi mein Kaarak)

Introduction: If you wish to learn Hindi , it is extremely important to understand Cases in Hindi. Some useful sites:

http://hi.bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95

http://www.hindikunj.com/2009/07/blog-post_29.html

http://seit.unsw.adfa.edu.au/staff/sites/hrp/personal/Hindi/27April2008Cases.html

http://pustak.org/bs/home.php?bookid=4883&act=continue&index=7&booktype=free#7.

Definition: संज्ञा या सर्वनाम  का  रूप जो  क्रिया के साथ एक सीधा संबंध  बनाता  है, कारक कहलाता  है । ( Sangyaa ya sarvnaam ka rop jo kriya ke saath ek seedha sambandh banaata hai, Kaarak kahlaata hai .) The form of noun or pronoun that forms a direct connection with the verb is called case.

The Cases are indicated by the addition of suffixes, विभक्ति ( vibhakti-separation) or postpositions, & prefixes . Only for vocative case, the case endings are used as उपसर्ग (upsarg) prefix .. For all other cases, the case endings are   प्रत्यय(pratyay)-suffix

I have made an attempt to explain below:

1.कर्ता (ने) kartaa (ne) = Nominative (subject) = (who is a doer)

हरि जाता है |

( Hari jaataa hai. )

Hari goes.

2.कर्म (को) karma (ko) = Accusative (object) i.e action/deed which is done.

हरि घर को जाता है|

(Hari ghar ko jaataa hai. )

 Hari goes to the house.

3. करण (से, के द्वारा ) karan (se, ke dwaara) instrumental (by, with) - producing or causing

हरि कार से घर को जाता है|

(Hari car se ghar ko jaata hai.)

Hari goes to the house by car.

4.सम्प्रदान (को, के लिये) sampradaan (ko, ke liye) = Dative (for) i.e. to whom /for whom given

हरि कार से घर को खाने के लिये जाता है|

( Hari car se ghar ko khaaney ke liye jaata hai.)

Hari goes to the house by car for food.

5.अपादान  (से) apaadaan (se) = Ablative (from)    = taking from (separation/detachment)

हरि कार्यालय से कार से घर को खाने के लिये जाता है|

( Hari kaaryaalay sey  car se ghar ko khaaney

 ke liye jaata hai.)

Hari goes to the house by car for food from the office.

6.सम्बन्ध (का,के,की) sambandh (kaa,kay,kee)= Genitive (of)- bound up with/related. 

The Genitive Case signifies any relation or connection which may exist between 

two or more persons or things.  

 =His pen, his car, his clothes, his cars. उसका पेन, उसकी कार, उसके कपड़े, उसकी कारें

हरि कार्यालय से उसकी कार से घर को खाने के लिये जाता है|

( Hari kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney ke liye jaata hai.)

Hari goes to the house by his car for food from the office.

7.अधिकरण (में, पर, पे) adhikaran (mein, par, pe) =Locative (in, on)-

It has reference to place, time, and logical sequence.

= कुर्सी पर बैठता है|

हरि कार्यालय से उसकी कार से घर को खाने के लिये जाता है और कुर्सी पर बैठता है |

( Hari kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney ke

liye jaata hai aur kursee par baithata hai .)

Hari goes to the house by his car for food from the office

and sits on the chair.

8.सम्बोधन sambodhan = Vocative (Oh)-

 The Vocative is the Case used when a person or persons are directly addressed.

हरि कार्यालय से उसकी कार से घर को खाने के लिये जाता है और कुर्सी पर बैठता है एवं

 संबोधित करता (पुकारता ) है,ओ जगन  इधर आओ|

( Hari kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney ke

liye jaata hai aur kursee par baithata hai evam sambondhit karta(pukaarta hai.)

 oh, jagan idhar aao. .)Hari goes to the house by his car for food

from the office and sits on the chair and  addresses (calls out),oh Jagan, come here.

 Task:Some examples for you to  work on above lines.

Example. मैंने मोहन को  हाथ से खाने के लिये बर्तन  से निकाल कर महेश की रोटी मेज  पर दी|

(Mainey Mohan ko haath se khaaney key liye bartan se

nikaalkar Mahesh kee rotee mez par dee.)

 On taking  out from the utensil, I gave  Mahesh' bread  on the table to Mohan to eat with hand.

मैं दूध  को बोतल  से पीता हूँ|

मैं पाठशाला  से चलती हूँ|

मैं प्रमिला  को घर से जाते देखती हूँ|

 वे गीता के कपड़ों को घर से लेते हैं|

मैं रानी की किताब पढ़ती हूँ|

मैं माँ की चाय को पीती हूँ|

 PS: Some more details added on 28th Aug. 2012 to clarify further.  Thank you.

S. Suresh Kumar

An online Hindi tutor and translator

sskay56@gmail.com

91 0 9840643690

 Important examples of post positions.

राम ने रावन को तीर से मारा ।  (Ram ney Ravan ko teer se maara.) Rama killed Ravana with arrow.
पुस्तक मेज़ पर है । ( pustak mez par hai. ) The book is on the table.

PS:MATRIX 

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