November 27, 2009 at 1:26 am
· Filed under Beginner Hindi, Grammar, Kavitha
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कि means ‘that’ or ‘or’. It is used to denote reason or to denote ‘or’ or to report indirect speech. It is useful for connecting to parts of a sentence together. “I was thinking THAT you would be coming.” See how the “that” connects the “I was thinking” with the “You would be coming.”? It is an important word to learn. This lesson shows several examples of using the Hindi word for “that” in a sentence.
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November 26, 2009 at 1:26 am
· Filed under Beginner Hindi, Grammar, Kavitha
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The uses of दे(de) and लग (lag):
“दे” means let or allow and “लग” means begin or begin to. Both are used after the infinitive of a verb. Most expressions with लग take the dative case.
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English
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Hindi
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Transliteration
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Let Ahmed go home.
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अहमद को घर जाने दो|
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Ahmed ko ghar jaane do
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I allowed Ram to go.
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मैने राम को जाने दिया|
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Maine Ram ko jaane diya
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He did not allow me to play.
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उसने मुझे खेलने नहीं दिया|
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Usne mujhe khelne nahin diya
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Let Ramadas stay in this house for two days.
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रामदास को दो दिन इस घर में रहने दो|
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Ramadas ko do din is ghar mein rahne do
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Please allow Gopal to go the market.
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गोपाल को बाज़ार जाने दीजिए
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Gopal ko bazaar jane deejiye
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Let me buy this book today itself.
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मुझे आज ही यह किताब खरीदने दो|
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Mujhe aaj hi yah kitaab khareedne do
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I did not let my boy to go to school today.
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मैने अपने लड़के को आज स्कूल नहीं जाने दिया|
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Maine apne ladke ko aaj school nahin jaane diya
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Will people allow him to serve the country?
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क्या लोग उन्हे देश की सेवा करने देंगे?
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Kya log unhe desh ki sewa karne denge
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I have given leave to the servant.
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मैंने नौकर को छुट्टी दे दी है|
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Maine naukar ko chutti de di hai
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He started beating Ram.
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वह राम को मारने लगा
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Vah Ram ko marne laga
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I started feeling cold.
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मुझे ठंड लगने लगी |
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Mujhe tand lagne lagi
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I am feeling hungry./ I am hungry.
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मुझे भूख लगी है।
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Mujhe bhookh lagi hai
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Sita and Kamala started learning Hindi.
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सीता और कमला हिन्दी सीखने लगी |
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Sita aur Kamala Hindi seekhne lagi
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That mad woman began to abuse everybody.
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वह पगली औरत सबको गालियाँ देने लगी |
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Vah pagali aurat sabko gaaliyam dene lagi
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Mr. Sambamurthi began to speak in Telugu.
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संबमूर्तिजी तेलुगु में बोलने लगे |
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Sambamurthiji Telugu mein bolne lage
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It began to rain yesterday morning itself.
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कल सवेरे से ही यहाँ पानी बरसने लगा |
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Kal savere se hi yahan paani barsne laga
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I too shall begin to learn Karate from tomorrow.
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मैं भी कल से कराटे सीखने लगूंगा |
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Main bhi kal se karate seekhne lagoonga
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We start to eat at 8 o’clock.
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हम आठ बजे खाने लगते हैं।
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Hum aath baje khane lagte haim
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The child started to cry.
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बच्चा रोने लगा ।
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Bachcha rone laga
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I started to like you.
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आप मुझे अच्छे लगने लगे।
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Aap mujhe achche lagne lage
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The girl began to sing.
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लड़की गाने लगी
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Ladki gaane lagi
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Test:
Translate the following.
1. The girl began to dance.
2. I have begun to love you.
3. The child started to walk.
4. Kindly allow me to stay with you.
5. Father did not allow me to buy that toy.
Hint:[dance=nach, love=pyar, walk=chal, kindly=kripa karke, toy=khilauna]
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November 22, 2009 at 1:27 am
· Filed under Beginner Hindi, Grammar, Kavitha
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The Use of अपना (Apna):
अपना (Apna) is a reflexive possessive adjective, and agrees with the noun and the pronoun. अपना (Apna), अपनी(apni) ,अपने (apne) means “one’s own”, “pertaining to oneself”, “mine”, “self”.
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English
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Hindi
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Transliteration
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My home/house
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अपना घर
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apna ghar
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Your own home/house
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अपना अपना घर
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apna apna ghar
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Their homes/houses
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अपने अपने घर
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apne apne ghar
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My friend went (to his) home.
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मेरा दोस्त अपने घर गया
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Mera dost apne ghar gaya
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In their own manner
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अंदाज़ अपना अपना
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Andaaz apna apna
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I do my work.
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मैं अपना काम करता हूँ
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Main apna kaam karta hoon
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She does her work.
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वह अपना काम करती है
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Vah apna kaam karti hai
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Tell me your name.
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तुम अपना नाम बताओ
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Tum apna naam bataao
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Ram lost his book.
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राम ने अपनी किताब खो दी
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Ram ne apni kitaab kho di
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He did not learn his lessons today.
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उसने आज अपना पाठ याद नहीं किया
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Usne aaj apna path yaad nahin kiya
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Gopal went to his village yesterday.
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गोपाल कल अपने गाँव गया
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Gopal kal apne gaanv gaya
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They will not sell their books.
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वे अपनी किताबें नहीं बेचेंगे
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Ve apni kitaabem nahin bechenge
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We love our country.
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हम अपने देश को प्यार करते हैं
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Hum apne desh ko pyar karte haim
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Gomati washes her clothes herself.
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गोमती अपने कपड़े खुद सॉफ करती है
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Gomati apne kapade khud saaf karti hai
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Ramnath loves his sister.
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रामनाथ अपनी बहिन को प्यार करता है
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Ramnath apni bahin ko pyar karta hai
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Gopal stays with his brother.
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गोपाल अपने भाई के साथ रहता है
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Gopal apne bhai ke saath rahta hai
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He who calls himself great is not really great.
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अपने को जो बड़ा कहता है, वह सचमुच बड़ा नहीं है
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Apne ko jo bada kahta hai, vah sachmuch bada nahin hai
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Boys! take your books.
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लड़कों! अपनी-अपनी किताबें ले लेलीजिए
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Ladkon! apni-apni kitaabem le lelijiye
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We stay very far from our school.
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हम अपने स्कूल से बहुत दूर रहते हैं
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Hum apne school se bahut door rahte haim
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Biju is my dear/nice friend.
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बीजु मेरा प्यारा दोस्त है
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Biju mera pyara dost hai
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Shahjahan had the Taj Mahal built over his wife’s grave.
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शाहजहाँ ने अपनी पत्नी की कब्र के उपर ताज महल बनवाया
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Shahjahan ne apni patni ki kabr ke upar Taj Mahal banvaya
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I went to buy a watch for myself.
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मैं अपने लिए एक घड़ी खरीदने गया था
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Main apne liye ek ghadi khareedne gaya tha
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Test:
Pick the correct sentence from the following
1. We do our work.
a. हम उनके काम करते हैं(Hum unke kaam karte haim)
b. हम अपना काम करते हैं (Hum apna kaam karte haim)
c. हम उसके काम करते हैं (Hum uske kaam karte haim)
d. हम हमारा काम करते हैं (Hum hamara kaam karte haim)
2. I love my wife.
a. मैं उसकी पत्नी को प्यार करता हूँ (Main uski patni ko pyar karta hoon)
b. मैं तुम्हारे पत्नी को प्यार करता हूँ (Main tumhare patni ko pyar karta hoon)
c. मैं मेरे पत्नी पत्नी को प्यार करता हूँ (Mainmere patni patni ko pyar karta hoon)
d. मैं अपनी पत्नी को प्यार करता हूँ (Main apni patni ko pyar karta hoon)
3. Go to your house.
a. घर जाओ (Uske ghar jaao)
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November 21, 2009 at 1:16 am
· Filed under Beginner Hindi, Grammar, Kavitha
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The Use of होना (Hona) & पड़ना (Padna):
Though होना (Hona) means “be”, “occur”, “exist”, “to be”, “to become”. But, होना indicates necessity. The subject of होना is always in dative.
e.g. मुझे जाना होगा (mujhe jaana hoga), not मैं जाना होगा (main jaana hoga)
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English
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Hindi
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Transliteration
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Abscound
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फरार होना
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Farar hona
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Absent oneself
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अनुपस्थित होना
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Anupastit hona
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Abort
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गर्भस्राव होना/गर्भपात होना
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Garbhsraav hona/garbhpaat hona
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I will have to go to the town today.
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आज मुझे शहर जाना होगा
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Aaj mujhe shahar jaana hoga
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I have to tell you something.
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मुझे तुमसे एक बात कहनी होगी
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Mujhe tumse ek baat kahni hogi
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He will have to bring medicine from the doctor’s place tomorrow.
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कल उसको डाक्टर के यहाँ से दवा लानी होगी
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Kal usko dactar ke yaham se dava laani hogi
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You will have to work hard, if you want to pass the examination.
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यदि तुम परीक्षा में उतीर्ण होना चाहते हो तो तुमको कठिन मेहनत करनी होगी
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Yadi tum pareeksha mein uteern hona chahte ho to tumko kathin mehnat karni hogi
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पड़ना (Padna) means to fall. But this word indicates obligation or compulsion. The subject of पड़ना is always in dative.
e.g. उसको लड़ना पड़ा (usko ladna pada), not वह लड़ना पड़ा (vah ladna pada)
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English
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Hindi
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Transliteration
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To fall in love
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प्रेम में पड़ना
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Prem mein padna
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Perhaps you too will have to come with me
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शायद तुमको भी मेरे सात आना पड़ेगा
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Shaayad tumko bhi mere saat aana padega
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I had to buy this book from the Indian Press.
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मुझे इंडियन प्रेस से यह किताब ख़रीदनी पड़ी
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Mujhe Indian Press se yah kitaab khareedni padi
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The poor have to bear everything.
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ग़रीबों को ही सब कुछ सहना पड़ता है
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Gareebon ko hi sab kuch sahna padta hai
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I have to go to Kolkatta today itself.
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मुझे आज ही कलकत्ता जाना पड़ेगा
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Mujhe aaj hi Kalkatta jaana padega
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I had to pay Rs.1000/- for this watch.
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मुझे इस घड़ी के लिए हज़ार रुपये देने पड़े
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Mujhe is ghadi ke liye hazaar rupaye dene pade
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Has to fulfill the promise that was done……..
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जो वादा किया वो निभाना पड़ेगा….
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jo vada kiya vo nubhana padega….
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He had to speak in Hindi in yesterday’s meeting.
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उसको कल की बैठक में हिन्दी में बात करना पड़ा
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Usko kal ki baithak mein Hindi mein baat karna pada
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Test:
Translate the following:
1. I had to meet my teacher before 5o’clock.
2. इंग्लेंड को जर्मनी से लड़ना पड़ा (england ko germany se ladna pada)
3. She may have to send her son to Bangalore.
4. You will have to send me those books.
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November 20, 2009 at 1:16 am
· Filed under Beginner Hindi, Grammar, Kavitha
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Past Participle (भूतकालीन कृदंत):
The past participle is formed by adding “हुआ” to the past tense of a verb. Sometimes “हुआ” is not added. The past participle agrees with the number and gender of the noun it qualifies. When a noun or a pronoun is used attributively before a past participle, the adjective should be in the possessive case.
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English
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Hindi
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Transliteration
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A washed cloth
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धोया हुआ कपड़ा
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Dhoya hua kapada
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Blossomed flowers
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खिले हुए फूल
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Khile huye phool
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Dried wood
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सूखी हुई लकड़ी
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Sooki huyi lakdi
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An educated man
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पढ़ा-लिखा आदमी
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Padha-likha aadmi
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An educated woman
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पढ़ी-लिखी औरत
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Padhi-likhi aurat
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Boiled milk
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उबाला हुआ दूध
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Ubaala hua doodh
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Heated milk
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गर्म किया हुआ दूध
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Garam kiya hua doodh
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It is good to drink boiled water.
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उबाला हुआ पानी पीना अच्छा है
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Ubaala hua paani peena achcha hai
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Who is the girl seated there?
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वहाँ बैठी हुई लड़की कौन है?
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Vahan baithi huyi ladki kaun hai
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This book is written by me.
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यह किताब मेरी लिखी हुई है
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Yah kitaab meri likhi huyi hai
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This fort was built by Akbar.
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यह अकबर द्वारा बनाया हुआ किला है
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Yah Akbar dwaara banaaya hua kila hai
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This is a film already seen by me.
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यह पहले से ही देखा हुआ फिल्म है
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Yah pahle se hi dekha hua film hai
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Don’t believe in rumours.
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सुनी हुई बातों पर विश्वास मत करो
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Suni huyi baatom par vishwas mat karo
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Readymade things are often worthless.
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बनी-बनाई चीज़ें अक्सर निकम्मी होती हैं
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Bani-banayi cheezem aksar nikammi hoti haim
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Some people worship the souls of dead persons.
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कुछ लोग मरे हुए आदमियों की आत्माओं की पूजा करते हैं
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Kuch log mare huye aadmiyom ki aatmaom ki pooja karte haim
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Well chewed food is digested quickly.
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खूब चबाया हुआ खाना जल्दी पचता है
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khoob chabaaya hua khana jaldi pachta hai
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The bread made by you have been eaten by the cat.
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तुम्हारी बनाई हुई रोटी बिल्ली खा गयी
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Tumhari banayi huyi roti billi kha gayi
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Test:
Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verb.
[खो (kho), सो(so), दे (de), लेट (let), गिर (gir)]
1. मेरी ____ कलम मिल गयी | (Meri ____ kalam mil gayi)
2. ____ लड़का जाग पड़ा | ( ____ ladka jaag pada)
3. ____ चीज़ वापस लेना ठीक नहीं है | ( ___ cheez vapas lena teek nahin hai)
4. उस पेड़ के नीचे _____ आदमी को तुम पहचानते हो ?(Us ped ke neeche _____ aadmi ko tum pahchante ho?)
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